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我使用的运行环境是Windows10搭配VMware Pro16.0和CentOS 8.3系统。
MySQL是全球最流行的关系型数据库管理系统(RDBMS)，广泛应用于数据存储和管理领域。
通过以下命令安装MySQL
[root@localhost ~]# yum install mysql[root@localhost ~]# yum install mysql-server
确认MySQL安装版本
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qi mysql-server_name : mysql-server_version : 8.0.21_release : 1.module_el8.2.0+493+63b41e36_architecture: x86_64_install Date: Thu 11 Mar 2021 11:54:32 AM CST_group : Unspecified
打开MySQL命令提示符
[root@localhost ~]# mysqlWelcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 10Server version: 8.0.21 Source distribution
退出MySQL命令提示符
mysql> exitBye
启动和配置MySQL服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mysqldCreated symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service.
查看和编辑MySQL配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
以下是一些常用MySQL命令的操作说明
| 说明 | 命令 |
|---|---|
| 数据库操作 | —————— |
| 创建数据库 | CREATE DATABASE database_name; |
| 删除数据库 | DROP DATABASE database_name; |
| 查看数据库 | SHOW DATABASES; |
| 使用数据库 | USE database_name; |
| 查看表结构 | SHOW TABLE STATUS FROM database_name; |
| 表操作 | —————— |
| 创建表 | CREATE TABLE table_name (column_name column_type); |
| 删除表 | DROP TABLE table_name; |
| 查看表架构 | DESCRIBE table_name; |
| 查看表索引 | SHOW INDEX FROM table_name; |
| 列操作 | —————— |
| 添加列 | ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name column_type; |
| 删除列 | ALTER TABLE table_name DROP column_name; |
| 行操作 | —————— |
| 插入新行 | INSERT INTO table_name (field1, field2, ... fieldN) VALUES (value1, value2, ... valueN); |
| 删除行 | DELETE FROM table_name WHERE [condition]; |
| 更新行 | UPDATE table_name SET field1=new-value1, field2=new-value2 ... WHERE [condition]; |
以下操作示例帮助你快速熟悉MySQL命令
mysql> SHOW DATABASES;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql || performance_schema || sys |+--------------------+4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
创建名为centos的数据库
mysql> CREATE DATABASE centos;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> SHOW DATABASES;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| centos || information_schema || mysql || performance_schema || sys |+--------------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
删除centos数据库
mysql> DROP DATABASE centos;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> SHOW DATABASES;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql || performance_schema || sys |+--------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
创建名为potluck的表
mysql> CREATE TABLE potluck (id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, name VARCHAR(20), telephone VARCHAR(11), address VARCHAR(50), confirmed CHAR(1),signup_date DATE) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> SHOW tables;+----------------+| Tables_in_centos |+----------------+| potluck |+----------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
将数据插入到potluck表中
mysql> INSERT INTO `potluck` (`id`,`name`,`telephone`,`address`,`confirmed`,`signup_date`) VALUES (NULL, "Zhangsan", "12345678901", "School", "Y", '1020-01-01');Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> INSERT INTO potluck (id,name,telephone,address,confirmed,signup_date)VALUES (NULL, "Lingqu", "12345678902", "School", "N", '1020-01-02');Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
更新Saodiseng的记录
mysql> UPDATE `potluck` SET `confirmed` = 'Y' WHERE `potluck`.`name` = 'Saodiseng';Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> SELECT * FROM potluck;+----+--------+---------+-------------+-----------+-------------+| id | name | telephone | address | confirmed | signup_date |+----+--------+---------+-------------+-----------+-------------+| 1 | Zhangsan | 12345678901 | School | Y | 1020-01-01 |+----+--------+---------+-------------+-----------+-------------+
删除特定记录
mysql> DELETE from potluck WHERE name = 'Lingqu';Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> SELECT * FROM potluck;+----+--------+---------+-------------+-----------+-------------+| id | name | telephone | address | confirmed | signup_date |+----+--------+---------+-------------+-----------+-------------+| 1 | Zhangsan | 12345678901 | School | Y | 1020-01-01 |+----+--------+---------+-------------+-----------+-------------+
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